Humans can induce vertical land motion by extracting groundwater and through gas and oil production. Key natural processes include tectonics, glacial isostatic adjustment, sediment loading, and soil compaction, explained Shirzaei. Land can rise or fall as a consequence of natural and human-caused processes. The research team-which also included Virginia Tech’s Susanna Werth and Geoscience Australia’s Chandrakanta Ojha-found that up to 8 million Californians live in areas where the land is sinking, including large numbers of people around San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Blackwell worked recently with Virginia Tech geophysicist Manoochehr Shirzaei to estimate vertical land motion along California’s coast by analyzing radar measurements made by satellites. “There is no one-size-fits-all rule that applies for California,” said Em Blackwell, a graduate student at Arizona State University. California offers a good example of how much sea level can vary on a local scale. What geologists call vertical land motion-or subsidence and uplift-is a key reason why local rates of sea level rise can differ from the global rate. But even as the sea takes up more space, the elevation of the land is also changing relative to the sea. The causes are mostly the thermal expansion of warming ocean water and the addition of fresh water from melting ice sheets and glaciers. With a Kitchen sink, however, you really can't use too thick a 'solution (save between the bowls of a double-bow sink) given the necessity of accessing the fasteners that secure it to the counter.Global sea level has been rising at a rate of 0.1 inches (3.3 millimeters) per year in the past three decades. Once the foam stuff sets up, you can trim it with a bread knife (or similar). The job was a bit messy, but the result was a tub that 'sounded' as sturdy as a cast iron version and held the heat better than either. Before installing, I filled the void between the front and one tub wall with (Window & Door) expandable foam and ran rows of the foam along the underside of the remaining tubs walls (and bottom) so as to effectively 'coat' the tub's inside with insulating foam. ",noise and quick loss of temperature." I must have known your dad as, in 1996 I rebuilt a bathroom and found the steel tub much much much cheaper than the Cast Iron alternatives.
For me, it came two sheets to a box, which was enough to do one bowl so I purchased two boxes. It is self-adhesive, protected by a peel off backing. The 3M product is a semi-stiff sheet about an eighth-inch thick with a black shiny finish and a diamond pattern. You can find the 3M or equivalent product at most automotive supply stores or from a car stereo shop.
It is often applied to the inside of the door panels when installing automotive stereo systems, but it also works great on stainless steel sinks. What I used is 3M Automotive Sound Reduction Mat, a self-adhesive, flexible mat that is designed to reduce road noise and vibration. I am happy to say that the product that I used requires no masking, is easy to apply and works wonderfully - if you tap the inside of our new sink all you will hear is a dull thud. All of these solutions required careful masking, followed by a generally messy application of the product - all with mixed results. Like any good nerd, I searched the Internet for a better solution and found many, including from spray on foam, automotive undercoating, and pickup truck bed liner. When we ordered it from our local plumbing shop its description said that it was soundproofed, but when we received the sink we discovered this was stretching the truth a little bit, as the “soundproofing” consisted of four thin rubber rectangles glued to the bottom of each bowl (see the second photo).
Recently my wife and I replaced the sink in our kitchen with a two bowl stainless steel sink.
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